The multidisciplinary team, comprising doctors, physicists, pharmacists, radiographers, technologists, nurses and administrative staff contribute to the work in Nuclear Medicine. The nurse can have a vital role in ensuring effective liaison between staff. Since many in-patients attend Nuclear Medicine, the nurse can be a key point of contact for communication between the wards/units and the department, not only in ensuring the best possible continuity of care for the patients, but also in updating and developing the knowledge of ward nurses and doctors. Key words: Nurse, Nuclear Medicine, Skills, Roles The Nurse Place in Nuclear Medicine Team Nuclear Medicine Nurses educate patients and their careers in order that they can make informed choices about their investigations and treatment. They educate nursing and medical staff about basic Nuclear Medicine principles and procedures and support training with supervised practice. They inform other Nuclear Medicine staff about nursing care such as assessment of patient’s condition, pain control and comfort. They train staff to recognize emergency situations such as hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis and problems associated with the critically ill. Nurses working in Nuclear Medicine are often involved in or instigate audit and research in order to assess quality of care provided and where possible improve the way in which procedures are performed. Also Nurses may co-ordinate some sessions or clinics to ensure smooth running and continuity of care. The nurse has an important role in the procedures which are undertaken in Nuclear Medicine. What Skills is required? As Nuclear Medicine departments provide a wide variety of investigations to patients from such a large background, the nurse needs to be aware that the role can be diverse and change quite quickly. The following specific skills are required: • Adaptable to changing situations • Be flexible to meet the needs of patients and procedures. • Good communication skills • Provide support and education to patients and staff. • Ability to learn in a changing and growing specialty. Many departments have services for adults and pediatrics, therefore an understanding of the needs of pediatrics is important to meet their needs.Conclusion: The role of the nurse varies somewhat between departments, so qualifications will depend upon what each specific department expects and desires.

The first Oath of Medical Ethics was developed in about 400 B.C. by Hippocrates. The main points in this oath was honoring the medical instructors, practicing for healthy benefit, giving no deadly Medicine and abstaining from mischief and corruption as well as maintaining confidentiality with the patients. These ethical notes were discussed by following physicians. In 9th centuries the first book on medical ethics was written by Ishaq bin Ali Rahawi namely Adab-o-tabib or “Conduct of a physician”. Mohammad ibn Zakariya Razi was one of Iranian physicians who has written codes for medical ethics too. Muslim, Jewish and Christian physicians have been contributed to development of ethical codes and not surprisingly, the main principles are common in all religions. These codes are completed in later centuries and medical ethics become more self-conscious subject by 18th-19th century. Although the main principles of medical ethics have not changed much during the time, our adherence to these codes appears to be waning. Also use of new technologies in Medicine accompanied with economical constraints and new opportunities opened a new field for ethical codes to be tested and challenged. It seems that a gray area is also emerged in medical ethics compared to traditional black and white considerations. Rapidly evolving technologies, sharing projects, block leasing and incentives of companies for propagation of a product… are few examples. We as a Nuclear Medicine specialist need to review and discuss the ethical issues in new situations to prevent improper actions due to misunderstanding. In this article, different scenarios that we may encounter in day to day practice of Nuclear Medicine, are going to be discussed and the suggested solutions will be explained. These scenarios include; research situations, relation with other physicians, new technologies, telling the result of study to the patient, handling discrepant results, mis-administrations, Company incentives, Sharing projects and leasing blocks.

Annually, many people are irradiated for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. As-sessment of radiation dose and its related risks to patients are important issues in radiation protection dosimetry. The complex mathematical calculations of the absorbed and effective doses are now done with computers. The calculations are performed with the help of anthropomorphic computational models of human body called phantoms and Monte Carlo codes (MCNP). There are various types of phantoms, yet the latest type is hybrid phantom which has been introduced to the scientific community in recent years. Hybrid phantom is the connection between mathematical and voxel phantoms. They retain both the anatomic realism of voxel phantoms and the flexibility of mathematical phantoms. Using hybrid phantoms, the absorbed doses can be determined for any patients before they are exposed to radiation. Then, the energy of the emitted particles and irradiation geometry can be determined for any special purposes. A hybrid phantom is under construction for Iranian patients to be used in different applications such as testing new radiopharmaceuticals or cancer treatments with high LET radiation. Herein, we report on our findings.

This book has three chapters: Heart, lung and radiation protection. In each chapter, indications of scans, radiopharaceuticals the study performance, patient preparation, report and also possible problems were discussed. In addition, in the end of each chapter, many mutliplechoice question (MCa) were expressed. The studying of this book for at medical students, physicians and colleagues is recommended.